2.  Course Title

Fiscal Measurement & Metering.

4.  Course duration

This is a 5 day course

5.  Number of Participants

A maximum of 10 participants can be accepted for this course

6.  Participant Profile (Who should attend)

The delegate attending this Programme is designed for engineers and technicians with a minimum of 10 years experience.  Each candidate should have a good command of general English in order to gain maximum benefit from the course.

This course is very much aimed at site personnel, especially those already qualified as Instrument Technicians or Supervisory Engineers/technicians wishing to extend their knowledge into the field of liquid and gas metering, both for fiscal purposes and custody transfer. The course is also suitable for those managers with a “need to know” so as to carry out their duties.

7.  Course Venue

The programme will be conducted at the client's training facilities

 
8.  Reports

Individual reports will be prepared for each delegate and will be forwarded to the concerned company and will include:

- Initial Assessment
- Detailed Assessment
- Expected Achievement
- Final Evaluation

9.  Course Objectives & Outcomes

Full details of the course content are given in the Course Outline, Section 11.  However, the main competences specified for this programme are:

This course will give a good insight into oil and gas measurement. It will also give a good understanding of troubleshooting techniques enabling the technician to locate and repair faults. The technician will be given an understanding of the ‘standards’ for metering and how these are achieved by regular validation, and what should be done if an instrument should fail its validation. Each delegate will be introduced to the skills required and the sources of material to meet the standards of ISO. The trainee will follow a step-by-step procedure to calculate the uncertainty budget.

10.  Programme Topics Covered

Detailed course content is given in the Course Outline, Section 11. However, the main topics covered are:

• The Uncertainty Budget
• The Principles of Fluid Flow
• Gas Flow Measurement
• Flow Measuring Techniques
• Liquid Flow Computers
• Bi-Directional Provers
• The Theory of Chromatography
• Process Gas Chromatographs
• Orifice Plates for Fiscal Metering
• Gas Fiscal Metering

The classroom training is enhanced by the use of personal computer systems (CBT) where available and related exercises. 

In order to achieve the above, the programme is divided up into 3 modules comprising the following:

11.  COURSE OUTLINE

The Uncertainty Budget

• Flow Measurement
• Commercial considerations.
• Measurement mode and causes of error
• Sources of uncertainty
• Confidence level
• Calculating uncertainty
• Glossary of terms

The Principles of Fluid Flow

• Reynold’s number
• Bernoulli’s principle
• The fluid flow equation
• Linear/square root relationship in a flow measuring system
• Gas density
• Metering stations

Gas Flow Measurement

• Boyles Law
• Charles Law
• The ideal gas law
• Molecular mass of a gas
• Gas constants
• Reference pressure and temperature
• None ideal gas behaviour
• Density of a gas
• Specific gravity of a gas

Flow Measuring Techniques

• Principles of hydrocarbon accounting
• An oil pipeline hydrocarbon accounting system
• Production allocation in a shared pipeline system
• The use of turbine flow meters
• The use of pitot tubes
• Vortex meter flow measurements

Liquid Flow Computers

• An introduction to liquid flow computers
• The flow computer function
• Oil stream flow computer functions
• Flow computer health, the watchdog timer
• General process alarms
• Operator commands
• Flow control valve operation
• Critical valve monitoring
• Proving operations
• Flow computer calculations

Bi-Directional Provers

• Introduction to bi-directional provers
• Prover components
• Prover valves
• Prover sphere
• Detector switch
• Prover calibration

The Theory of Chromatography

• An introduction to chromatography
• Chromatographic columns
• The solid support
• The stationary phase
• Column temperature
• The carrier gas
• Flow rate of carrier gas through the column
• Detector (FID & TCD)
• Signal attenuation at the detector
• Sample introduction techniques
• Data processing and presentation
• Qualitative analysis
• Quantitative analysis

Process Gas Chromatographs

• Laboratory versus process analysers
• The laboratory analyser
• The process analyser
• Typical pipeline natural gas
• Sample delivery system
• Sample transportation
• Component identification
• Response factors
• Calibration gases
• Standards ISO 6976
• System calculations

Orifice Plates for Fiscal Metering

• Introduction to orifice plates
• Manufacture of orifice plates
• Standards and orifice plate sizing
• Meter tube and piping considerations
• Beta ratio
• Piping considerations (ISO 5167)
• Flow and velocity profiles
• Types of flow
• Flow straighteners
• Dealing with low flow rates
• Inspection of orifice plates

Gas Fiscal Metering

• Introduction
• Basic application
• A state of the art solution
• Closer metering of a valuable product

Fiscal Metering a Glossary

• Flow turndown
• Orifice plate accuracy
• The differential pressure transmitter
• Converting dp error to flow error
• Types of transmitters
• The ‘smart’ transmitter
• Flow turndown with digital output

12. Oil Pumping and Metering

• 12.1 Oil metering and sampling
• 12.2 Differential pressure meters
• 12.3 Flow straighteners
• 12.4 Turbine meters
• 12.5 Metering systems
• 12.6 Meter proving
• 12.7 Sampling systems
• 12.8 Pig launching/receiving operations

 
12.  Commercial Terms

The cost of the Fiscal Metering course is available upon request.