|
2. Course Title Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition.
4. Course duration
This is a 5 day course
5. Number of Participants
A maximum of 10 participants can be accepted for this course
6. Participant Profile (Who should attend)
This course is for engineers, technicians and operators requiring an introduction to Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems and their application in monitoring and controlling industrial plant.
It is ideal for those experienced in plant engineering, telecommunications, water and waste water control, oil and gas, oil refining and transportation.
This course will provide the knowledge to analyse, specify and troubleshoot SCADA systems. It will cover the fundamentals of hardware, software and the communications systems that connect SCADA operator stations. Each candidate should have a good command of general English in order to gain maximum benefit from the course.
7. Course Venue
The programme will be conducted at the client's training facilities
8. Reports
Individual reports will be prepared for each delegate and will be forwarded to the concerned company and will include: - Initial Assessment
- Detailed Assessment
- Expected Achievement
- Final Evaluation 9. Course Objectives & Outcomes Full details of the course content are given in the Course Outline. However, the main competences specified for this programme are: The delegate will describe the background to SCADA systems both hardware, software and firmware. The delegate will describe the differences and similarities between SCADA, DCS, PLC and smart field instruments. The delegate will describe the remote terminal unit (RTU), types of input/output and the role of the PLC in this simple architecture. The delegate will describe in some detail the use of PLCs as RTUs. The delegate will describe the SCADA systems software and protocols, he will also include in this the various specialised SCADA protocols and error handling techniques. The delegate will describe the various methods of communications hardware such as landlines and the problems associated with landlines. Types of cables and privately owned cable systems. The delegate will describe a local area network such as the Ethernet, along with its various protocols and error recovery methods. The delegate will describe the use of Modems, synchronous and asynchronous data transmission along with the various standards such as RS-232 and RS-485 etc. The delegate will describe the central site computing facility and conclude with troubleshooting of a complete system. The delegate will describe the Human Machine Interface (HMI)
10. Programme Topics Covered
The main topics covered are: • SCADA hardware
• SCADA software
• Comparison of SCADA, DCS, and PLCs
• Remote terminal units (RTUs)
• The PLC as an RTU
• Application programs
• PLC software
• The master station
• Token ring LANs
• Redundant master station configuration
• Communications architectures
• CSMA/CD system (peer to peer)
• SCADA system protocols
• Specialised SCADA protocols
• Error detection
• Distributed network protocol (DNP)
• Landlines
• Cables
• Practical methods of reducing noise and interference on cables
• Types of cables
• Privately owned cables
• Public switched telephone network (PSTN)
• Local area network topologies
• Modems
• Modulation techniques
• Troubleshooting and maintenance
The classroom training is enhanced by the use of personal computer based training (CBT) materials where available and related exercises.
11. COURSE OUTLINE
Introduction and brief history of SCADA
Fundamental principles of modern SCADA systems
SCADA hardware
SCADA software
Landlines for SCADA
SCADA and local area networks
Modem use in SCADA systems
Computer sites and troubleshooting
System implementation
SCADA systems, hardware and firmware Introduction
Comparison of the terms SCADA, DCS, PLC and smart instruments
Distributed control system (DCS)
Programmable logic controller (PLC)
Smart instrument
Considerations and benefits of SCADA system
Remote terminal units
Control processor (or CPU)
Analog input modules
Typical analog input modules
Analog outputs
Digital inputs
Counter or accumulator digital inputs
Digital output module
Mixed analog and digital modules
Communication interfaces
Power supply module for RTU
RTU environmental enclosures
Testing and maintenance
Typical requirements for an RTU system
Application programs
PLCs used as RTUs
PLC software
Basic rules of ladder-logic
The different ladder-logic instructions
The master station
Master station software
System SCADA software
Local area networks
Ethernet
Token ring LANs
Token bus network
System reliability and availability
Redundant master station configuration
Communication architectures and philosophies
Communication architectures
Communication philosophies
Polled (or master slave)
CSMAlCD system (peer-to-peer)
Typical considerations in configuration of a master station
SCADA systems software and protocols Introduction
The components of a SCADA system
SCADA key features
The SCADA software package
Redundancy
System response time
Expandability of the system
Specialized SCADA protocols
Introduction to protocols
Information transfer
High level data link control (HDLC) protocol
The CSMAlCD protocol format
Standards activities
Error detection
Causes of errors
Feedback error control
Distributed network protocol
Interoperability
Open standard
IEC and IEEE
SCADA
Development
Physical layer
Physical topologies
Modes
Datalink layer
Transport layer (pseudo-transport)
Application layer
Conclusion
New technologies in SCADA systems
Rapid improvement in LAN technology for master stations
Man machine interface (The HMI)
Remote terminal units
Communications
Introduction
Background to cables
Definition of interference and noise on cables
Sources of interference and noise on cables
Electrostatic coupling
Magnetic coupling
Impedance coupling
Practical methods of reducing noise and interference on cables
Shielding and twisting wires
Cable spacing
Tray spacing
Earthing and grounding requirements
Types of cables
General cable characteristics
Two wire open lines
Twisted pair cables
Coaxial cables
Fiber optics
Theory of operation
Modes of propagation
Specification of cables
Limitations of cables
Privately owned cables
Telephone quality cables
Data quality twisted pair cables
Local area networks (LANs)
Multiplexers (bandwidth managers)
Assessment of existing copper cables
Public network provided services
Switched telephone lines
General
Technical details
DC pulses
Dual tone multi-frequency - DTMF Analog tie lines
Introduction
Four wire E&M tie lines
Two wire signalling tie line
Four wire direct tie lines
Two wire direct tie lines
Analog data services
Introduction
Point-to-point configuration
Point-to-multipoint
Digital multi point
Switched networks
Digital data services
Service details
Packet switched services
Introduction
X.25 service
X.28 services
X.32 services
Frame relay
ISDN
ATM
Local area network systems Introduction
Network topologies
Bus topology
Bus topology advantages
Bus topology disadvantages
Star topology
Ring topology
Media access methods
Contention systems
Token passing
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet
Ethernet types
10Base5 systems
10Base2 systems
10BaseT
10BaseF
10Broad36
1 Base5
Collisions
MAC frame format
High-speed Ethernet systems
Cabling limitations
100Base-T (100Base-TX, T4, FX, T2)
Fast Ethernet overview
100Base-TX and FX
100BASE-T4
100Base-T2
100Base-T hubs
100Base-T adapters
Fast Ethernet design considerations
UTP Cabling distances 1000Base- TXJT
Fiber optic cable distances 100Base-FX
100Base-T repeater rules
Gigabit Ethernet 1 0008ase- T
Gigabit Ethernet summary
Gigabit Ethernet MAC layer
1000Base-SX for horizontal fiber
1000Base-LX for vertical backbone cabling 5.9.5 1 1000Base-CX for copper cabling
1000Base- T for category 5 UTP
Gigabit Ethernet full-duplex repeaters Network interconnection components
Repeaters
Bridges
Router
Gateways
Hubs
Switches
TCP/IP protocols
The TCP/IP protocol structure
Routing in an Internet
Transmission control protocol (TCP) SCADA and the Internet
Use of the Internet for SCADA systems
Thin client solutions
Security concerns
Other issues
Conclusion
Modems
Introduction
Review of the modem
Synchronous or asynchronous
Modes of operation
Modem receiver
Modem transmitter
The RS-232/RS-422/RS-485 interface standards
Electrical signal characteristics
Interface mechanical characteristics
Functional description of the interchange circuits
The sequence of asynchronous operation of the RS-232 interface
Synchronous communications
Disadvantages of the RS-232 standard
The RS-422 interface standard for serial data communications
The RS-485 interface standard for serial data communications Flow control
Modulation techniques
Amplitude modulation (or amplitude shift keying)
Frequency modulation (or frequency shift keying - FSK)
Phase modulation (or phase shift keying (PSK)
Quadrature amplitude modulation (or QAM)
Trellis coding
DFM (direct frequency modulation)
Error detection/correction and data compression
MNP protocol classes
Link access protocol modem (LAP-M)
Data compression techniques
Data rate versus baud rate
Modem standards
Radio modems
Troubleshooting the system
Troubleshooting the serial link
The breakout box
Protocol analyzer
Troubleshooting the modem
Selection considerations
Central site computer facilities Introduction
Recommended installation practice
Environmental considerations
Earthing and shielding
Cabling
Power connections
Ergonomic requirements
Typical control room layout
Lighting
Sound environment
Ventilation
Colours of equipment
Design of the computer displays
Operator displays and graphics
Design of screens
Alarming and reporting philosophies
Troubleshooting and maintenance Introduction
Troubleshooting the telemetry system
The RTU and component modules
The master sites
The central site
The operator station and software Maintenance tasks
The maintenance unit system Specification of systems
Introduction
Standards
Performance criteria
Testing
Documentation
Future trends in technology
Software based instrumentation
Future trends in SCADA systems 12. Commercial Terms The cost of the SCADA course is available upon request.
|
